War and Love as Major Themes in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms: A Critical Study

Abstract

Aims: This study examines A Farewell to Arms as Ernest Hemingway’s powerful critique of war, focusing on its destructive impact on human relationships. It explores the interplay of love, war, and suffering through Frederic Henry and Catherine Barkley, underscoring themes of peace, non-violence, and the futility of armed conflict.

Methodology and Approaches: Using close textual analysis, the paper studies Henry, an American lieutenant in the Italian ambulance service during World War I, and Catherine, a British nurse in Milan. Their relationship is assessed for its emotional, physical, and psychological dimensions. Catherine’s devotion and acceptance of societal limits are contrasted with Henry’s growing disillusionment with war.

Outcome: Their love deepens after Henry’s war injury and recovery under Catherine’s care. Catherine’s pregnancy and fear of separation prevent marriage. Attempting escape to Switzerland, they face hardships; Catherine dies in childbirth after delivering a stillborn, leaving Henry alone. The tragedy reinforces war’s senselessness and the fragility of human joy.

Conclusion and Suggestions: The novel stands as a lasting denunciation of war’s brutality, urging empathy, peace, and dignity over militarism. Modern readers are encouraged to revisit it as a timeless reminder of the human cost of conflict.